From 2 years of age and beyond, there has been consistent documentation of significant sensory symptoms in children with autism when measured via parent report ( Leekam et al., 2007 Rogers et al., 2003) and behavioral observations ( Baranek et al., 2007 Leekam et al., 2007 Rogers et al., 2003).Ĭonflicting evidence exists about the relationship between sensory symptoms and chronological age. Lord (1995) suggested that sensory symptoms may not become clinically significant until the preschool years, but prospective studies of infant siblings at genetic risk of developing autism have found evidence of sensory symptoms present as early as social and communication symptoms ( Ozonoff et al., 2010 Zwaigenbaum et al., 2005). There has been debate about when sensory symptoms emerge ( Baranek, 1999 Lord, 1995), as well as about their developmental trajectory ( Baranek, 2002 Talay-Ongan and Wood, 2000). The main purpose of this study was to characterize the early developmental pattern of sensory symptoms in ASD. Despite the high prevalence rates of symptoms and their centrality to ASD, little is known about the developmental trajectory of these symptoms. DSM-V American Psychiatric Association, 2013). Recent estimates of prevalence of sensory symptoms of people with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) range from 69% to 93% in children and adults ( Baranek et al., 2006 Billstedt et al., 2007 Klintwall et al., 2011 Leekam et al., 2007) and were recently added as a diagnostic criterion of ASD in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5th ed. Examples of sensory seeking behaviors include prolonged visual inspection of toys or repetitive touching of objects. Hyporesponsive behaviors are under-reactions to the sensory environment (e.g. covering ears to the sound of someone singing). Hyperresponsiveness involves overreactions to the sensory environment (e.g. Sensory symptoms can be broken down into three patterns: hyperresponsiveness, hyporesponsiveness, and sensory seeking ( Miller et al., 2007). Sensory symptoms are a complex set of behavioral reactions to the sensory environment. The young age range at the initial assessment and pattern of results suggest that sensory symptoms are present early in the etiology of autism spectrum disorder and other developmental disorders and remain stable over time. Sensory symptoms for all groups were not independently predictive of adaptive functioning when verbal mental age was also included in the model. While the typical development group decreased in reported sensory symptoms across the study period, the clinical groups demonstrated no significant change across assessment points. Parents in the autism spectrum disorder group reported more sensory symptoms than parents in the developmental delay group within smell, taste, and auditory domains. At the initial time point, parents of children with autism spectrum disorder reported more sensory symptoms in their children than parents in the typical development group. At each time point, parents filled out questionnaires regarding their child’s sensory symptoms and adaptive functioning. Three groups of children were followed across three time points from 2 to 8 years of age: autism spectrum disorder, developmental delay, and typical development. This study examined the development of sensory symptoms and the relationship between sensory symptoms and adaptive functioning during early childhood. Sensory symptoms are prevalent in autism spectrum disorder but little is known about the early developmental patterns of these symptoms.
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